Synergistic enhancement and separation of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) with 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone in the presence of crown ethers

Abstract

3-Phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) was synthesized and examined with regard to the synergistic solvent extraction behavior of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) in the presence of various crown ethers (CEs), namely, 18-crown-6 (18C6), dicylohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) and benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) from hydrochloric acid solutions. The results demonstrated that zirconium( IV) and hafnium(IV) were synergistically extracted into chloroform with mixtures of HPBI and CEs as ZrO(PBI)(2) center dot CE and HfO(PBI)(2) center dot CE, respectively. The complexation strength follows the order DC18C6 > 18C6 > B15C5. The addition of CEs not only enhances the extraction efficiency of zirconium(IV) and hafnium( IV) but also significantly, especially in the presence of B15C5, improves the selectivity (Zr/Hf = 4.73) between these metal ions as compared to HPBI alone (Zr/Hf = 2.09). On the other hand, selectivity has been moderately decreased by the addition of 18C6 or DC18C6 to the metal-chelate system