Preconcentrative separation of palladium(II) using palladium(II) ion-imprinted polymer particles formed with different quinoline derivatives and evaluation of binding parameters based on adsorption isotherm models

Abstract

Palladium(II) ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) materials were synthesized by thermally polymerizing the ternary complexes of palladium(II) with amino (AQ) or hydroxy (HQ) or mercapto (MQ) derivatives of quinoline and 4-vinyl-pyridine. The functional and crosslinking monomers used during polymerization were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). 2,2'-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 2-methoxy ethanol were used as the initiator and porogen, respectively. The resulting polymer materials were dried in all oven at 80degreesC, ground and sieved to obtain IIP particles which were then Subjected to leaching with 50% (v/v) HCl to obtain the leached palladium(II) IIP particles. Control polymer (CP) particles were also prepared by following the above procedure described for IIP particles. The CP particles, unleached and leached AQ-based IIP particles were then characterized by IR, XRD and microanalysis studies. Analytical studies such as preconcentration of palladium(II) from dilute aqueous solutions and separation studies in the presence of selected noble and base metals which co-exist with palladium(II) in its ore or mineral deposits were systematically studied using CP and IIP particles and are compared. AQ-based IIP particles gave higher percent extraction and selectivity coefficients compared to HQ- or MQ-based IIP particles. Five replicate determinations of 25 mug of palladium(II) present in 500 ml of aqueous solution, when subjected to preconcentration and determination by iodide-Rhodamine 6G procedure gm e a mean absorbance of 0.104 with a relative standard deviation of 2.25%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 5.0 mug of palladium(II) per litre. The rebinding studies using AQ-, HQ- and MQ-based IlPs were carried out and were fitted to the different adsorption isotherm models, viz. Langmuir (L), Freundlich (F) and Langmuir-Freundlich (LF). These adsorption models were used for the evaluation of binding parameters and in elucidating the nature and type of bonding in the IlPs. The results of rebinding experiments showed discrimination between the three Ups based on the donor atoms of the ligands.