Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4098
Full metadata record
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorKhanna, R-
dc.contributor.authorKonyukhov, Y-
dc.contributor.authorZinoveev, D-
dc.contributor.authorJayasankar, K-
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-13T06:01:46Z-
dc.date.available2022-10-13T06:01:46Z-
dc.date.issued2022-01-23-
dc.identifier.citationSustainability;14(3):1258en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su14031258-
dc.identifier.urihttp://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4098-
dc.description.abstractManaging red mud (RM), a solid waste byproduct of the alumina recovery process, is a serious ecological and environmental issue. With ~150 million tons/year of RM being generated globally, nearly 4.6 billion tons of RM are presently stored in vast waste reserves. RM can be a valuable resource of metals, minor elements, and rare earth elements. The suitability of RM as a low-grade iron resource was assessed in this study. The utilization of RM as a material resource in several commercial, industrial operations was briefly reviewed. Key features of iron recovery techniques, such as magnetic separation, carbothermal reduction, smelting reduction, acid leaching, and hydrothermal techniques were presented. RMs from different parts of the globe including India, China, Greece, Italy, France, and Russia were examined for their iron recovery potential. Data on RM composition, iron recovery, techniques, and yields was presented. The composition range of RMs examined were: Fe2O3 : 28.3–63.2 wt.%; Al2O3 : 6.9–26.53 wt.%; SiO2 : 2.3–22.0 wt.%; Na2O: 0.27–13.44 wt.%; CaO: 0.26–23.8 wt.%; Al2O3/SiO2 : 0.3–4.6. Even with a high alumina content and high Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, it was possible to recover iron in all cases, showing the significant potential of RM as a secondary resource of low-grade iron.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.subjectred muden_US
dc.subjectiron recoveryen_US
dc.subjectwaste utilizationen_US
dc.subjectsmeltingen_US
dc.subjectlow grade iron oreen_US
dc.titleRed Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspectiveen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Appears in Collections:2022

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron A Global Perspective_Khanna_sustainability.pdf
  Restricted Access
979.5 kBAdobe PDFView/Open Request a copy


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.