Abstract:
Compounds isolated from members of the Zingiberaceae family are traditionally used as a medicine against inflammatory diseases, but little is known about the mechanism. Here, we report the isolation and structural identification of coronarin D [E-labda-8(17),12-diene-15-ol], a labdane-type diterpene, from Hedychium coronarium and delineate its mechanism of action. Because the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a key mediator of inflammation, apoptosis, invasion, and osteoclastogenesis, we investigated the effect of coronarin D on NF-kappa B activation pathway, NF-kappa B-regulated gene products, and NF-kappa B-regulated cellular responses. The coronarin D inhibited NF-kappa B activation induced by different inflammatory stimuli and carcinogens. This labdane also suppressed constitutive NF-kappa B activity in different cell lines and inhibited I kappa B alpha kinase activation, thus leading to the suppression of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation, degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and reporter gene transcription. Coronarin D also inhibited the NF-kappa B-regulated gene products involved in cell survival (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, Bcl-2, survivin, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2), proliferation (c-myc, cyclin D1, and cyclooxygenase-2), invasion (matrix metalloproteinase-9), and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor). Suppression of these gene products by the diterpene enhanced apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents, suppressed TNF-induced cellular invasion, and abrogated receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis. Coronarin D was found to be more potent than its analogue coronarin D acid. Overall, our results show that coronarin D inhibited NF-kappa B activation pathway, which leads to inhibition of inflammation, invasion, and osteoclastogenesis, as well as potentiation of apoptosis.
