Abstract:
The effect of substitution of rare-earth holmium on microstructure, and electrical and magnetic properties of (Bi,Pb)-2212 superconductor has been investigated. XRD and EDAX analyses show that Ho atoms are successfully substituted into the (Bi,Pb)-2212 system and they induce significant changes in the microstructure, hole concentration, critical temperature, self- and in-field critical current density (J(C)) of the system. Flux pinning force (F(P)) calculated from the field dependent J(C) values shows that the irreversibility lines of Ho-doped (Bi,Pb)-2212 shift towards higher fields to different extents depending on the Ho stoichiometry. Also the sample with (holmium content) x=0.075 shows the maximum F(P) of 172.5 +/- 1 x 10(4) N m(-3) and the peak position of F(P) shifts to higher fields (0.76 T) as against 2.9 +/- 1 x 10(4) N m(-3) and 0.12 T at 64K for the pure sample. Enhancements in the in-field J(C), irreversibility field and F(P) due to holmium doping are of great scientific and technological significance
