Antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and bioactive constituents of the Indian medicinal rice Njavara yellow compared with staple varieties

Abstract

Polar and non-polar extracts of Njavara yellow rice (NYr) and bran (NYb) were investigated for antioxidant activity, chemical indices, anti-inflammatory effects, and bioactive compounds, of which the results were compared between the 2 staple varieties Uma and Jaya. Methanol extracts of NYb showed significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant activity than other varieties with the IC50 values of 97 μg/mL (DPPH•) and 48 μg/mL (ABTS•+). NYb showed a higher anti-inflammatory effect and higher chemical indices (6.36 mg, phenolic content; 1.44 mg, flavonoid content; 3.06 mg, proanthocyanidin content; and 15.5 mg, phytate content per gram of dry weight of bran) than NYr and staple varieties. The content of bioactive compounds, oryzanols (659 μg/mL) and tricin (24.58 mg/100 g bran), were higher in NYb than in other varieties.Evaluation of biological activities and quantification of bioactive compounds of Njavara yellow are first pursued herein to corroborate Njavara Ayurveda medicinal use.