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DNA Condensation Triggered by the Synergistic Self-Assembly of Tetraphenylethylene-Viologen Aggregates and CT-DNA

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dc.contributor.author Sajena, K S
dc.contributor.author Karunakaran, V
dc.contributor.author Maiti, K K
dc.contributor.author Joseph, J
dc.date.accessioned 2023-01-30T06:05:21Z
dc.date.available 2023-01-30T06:05:21Z
dc.date.issued 2021-07-22
dc.identifier.citation Frontiers in Chemistry; 9: Article ID: 716771 en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.716771
dc.identifier.uri http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4217
dc.description.abstract Development of small organic chromophores as DNA condensing agents, which explore supramolecular interactions and absorbance or fluorescence-based tracking of condensation and gene delivery processes, is in the initial stages. Herein, we report the synthesis and electrostatic/groove binding interaction–directed synergistic self-assembly of the aggregates of two viologen-functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE-V) molecules with CT-DNA and subsequent concentration-dependent DNA condensation process. TPE-V molecules differ in their chemical structure according to the number of viologen units. Photophysical and morphological studies have revealed the interaction of the aggregates of TPE-V in Tris buffer with CT-DNA, which transforms the fibrous network structure of CT-DNA to partially condensed beads-on-a-string-like arrangement with TPE-V aggregates as beads via electrostatic and groove binding interactions. Upon further increasing the concentration of TPE-V, the “beads-on-a-string”-type assembly of TPE-V/CT-DNA complex changes to completely condensed compact structures with 40–50 nm in diameter through the effective charge neutralization process. Enhancement in the melting temperature of CT-DNA, quenching of the fluorescence emission of ethidium bromide/CT-DNA complex, and the formation of induced CD signal in the presence of TPE-V molecules support the observed morphological changes and thereby verify the DNA condensation abilities of TPE-V molecules. Decrease in the hydrodynamic size, increase in the zeta potential value with the addition of TPE-V molecules to CT-DNA, failure of TPE-V/cucurbit(8)uril complex to condense CT-DNA, and the enhanced DNA condensation ability of TPE-V2 with two viologen units compared to TPE-V1 with a single viologen unit confirm the importance of positively charged viologen units in the DNA condensation process. Initial cytotoxicity analysis on A549 cancer and WI-38 normal cells revealed that these DNA condensing agents are non-toxic in nature and hence could be utilized in further cellular delivery studies. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Frontiers en_US
dc.subject DNA condensation en_US
dc.subject tetraphenylethylene en_US
dc.subject viologen en_US
dc.subject electrostatic interaction en_US
dc.subject self-assembly en_US
dc.subject aggregates en_US
dc.title DNA Condensation Triggered by the Synergistic Self-Assembly of Tetraphenylethylene-Viologen Aggregates and CT-DNA en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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    Research articles authored by NIIST researchers published in 2021

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